LS(1)			       FSF			    LS(1)



NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List  information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort entries alphabetically if
       none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

       -a, --all
	      do not hide entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
	      do not list implied . and ..

       -b, --escape
	      print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
	      use SIZE-byte blocks

       -B, --ignore-backups
	      do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with
	      -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
	      control  whether	color  is used to distinguish file types.  WHEN may be `never', `always', or
	      `auto'

       -d, --directory
	      list directory entries instead of contents

       -D, --dired
	      generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

       -F, --classify
	      append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

       --format=WORD
	      across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
	      list both full date and full time

       -g     (ignored)

       -G, --no-group
	      inhibit display of group information

       -h, --human-readable
	      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H     same as `--si' for now; soon to change to conform to POSIX

       --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
	      none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

       -i, --inode
	      print index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
	      do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kilobytes
	      like --block-size=1024

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
	      list entries pointed to by symbolic links

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
	      list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names

       -N, --literal
	      print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

       -o     use long listing format without group info

       -p, --file-type
	      append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

       -q, --hide-control-chars
	      print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
	      show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
	      enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
	      use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
	      reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
	      list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
	      print size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
	      extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

	      status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

       --time=WORD
	      show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use spec�
	      ified time as sort key if --sort=time

       -t     sort by modification time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
	      assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise:
	      sort by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     sort by version

       -w, --width=COLS
	      assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       By default, color is  not  used	to  distinguish	 types	of  files.   That  is  equivalent  to  using
       --color=none.   Using  the  --color  option without the optional WHEN argument is equivalent to using
       --color=always.	With --color=auto, color codes are output only if standard output is connected to  a
       terminal (tty).

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright � 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This  is	 free  software;  see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty; not even for
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual.	 If the info  and  ls  programs	 are
       properly installed at your site, the command

	      info ls

       should give you access to the complete manual.



ls (fileutils) 4.1	   October 2003			    LS(1)
